Knee replacement surgery, commonly referred to as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and restoring functionality in patients experiencing significant knee damage, frequently resulting from ailments like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries. During the surgery, the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components, typically made from metal and plastic, which mimic the natural movement of the knee. The procedure can be performed as a total knee replacement, where both the femoral and tibial surfaces are replaced, or as a partial knee replacement, which targets only the affected compartment of the knee.